Turner v. Moore
Louisiana Court of Appeals
752 So.2d 908
September 22, 1999
Summary of Opinion
Moore was experiencing difficulty loading a horse into his trailer when he
obtained the assistance of Turner. Turner was injured when the horse reared. He
sued Moore’s insurance company, which provided both automobile insurance and
homeowner’s insurance to Moore. The parties agree that the incident is covered
by the automobile insurance policy, but Turner asserts that it is also covered
by the homeowner’s policy (perhaps with larger policy limits). The trial court
found on summary judgment that the word "loading" in the clause
excluding risks from the homeowner’s policy included the incident here. The
Court of Appeals agreed and affirmed the trial court’s decision.
Text of Opinion
DREW, J.
Both the plaintiffs ("The Turners") and the defendant
("Moore") complain the trial judge erred in granting summary judgment
in favor of Moore's homeowner's insurer ("Liberty"). The court below
found that the homeowner's policy excluded coverage for the loading of a motor
vehicle or trailer connected thereto. The injury here occurred during the
loading of a horse onto a trailer connected to a truck. Finding that
"loading" is loading, we affirm.
The facts here are not in dispute. On April 16, 1997, Moore was in his yard
trying to load a young colt into his horse trailer attached to his pickup truck.
Experiencing problems with the stubborn animal, he inveighed upon Turner to
assist him. Turner did so. The young horse reared, Turner fell down inside the
trailer and broke his hip.
Moore had both homeowner's and automobile liability coverage with Liberty.
Coverage by the automobile policy is apparently not an issue.
The homeowner's policy contains this exclusion:
Coverage E--Personal Liability and Coverage F--Medical Payments to Others
do not apply to "bodily injury" or "property damage": ...
f. Arising out of:
(1) The ownership, maintenance, use, loading or unloading of motor vehicles
or all other motorized land conveyances, including trailers, owned or operated
by or rented or loaned to an "insured"; ...
This exclusion does not apply to:
(1) A trailer not towed by or carried on a motorized land conveyance.
A little common sense and the clear language of the policy should be applied.
The loading here was contemplated as an exclusion under the homeowner's policy.
The risk contemplated here is specifically included in the automobile policy.
The analysis of the Louisiana Supreme Court in Fertita v. Palmer, 252 La. 336,
211 So.2d 282 (La.1968) is sound. "Loading" is loading, and the
homeowner's policy here provides no coverage for injuries arising out of same.
The judgment of the trial court granting Liberty's motion for summary
judgment relative to the homeowner's policy is affirmed, with the costs of this
appeal to be split evenly between plaintiff and defendant.
AFFIRMED.
CARAWAY, J., dissenting.
The majority has chosen to address the merits of a difficult insurance
coverage dispute in a partial summary judgment context which will not terminate
the litigation between these parties. From this poor appellate posture after
which the suit may ultimately end in a ruling of no liability with this opinion
merely advisory, the rationale of the majority's ruling unnecessarily disturbs a
long line of supreme court precedents. I would therefore reverse because of the
improper partial appeal under La. C.C.P. art.1915 and because the majority's
literal analysis for the policy interpretation issue has been rejected in this
context in the past by our supreme court.
This partial summary judgment eliminating one basis of liability against
Liberty Mutual Insurance Company will not terminate the litigation. Liberty
Mutual also insured Moore's vehicle. Thus, despite Liberty Mutual's concession
of coverage under the "loading" coverage clause of the automobile
policy, the extent of coverage under both policies presents a common issue of
interpretation. To prevent inconsistent rulings from piecemeal appeals, this
partial judgment should not be considered on appeal at this time. Moreover,
since the plaintiffs may never prevail on the primary issue of liability in this
case, the present decision may be rendered moot. See, Berman v. DeChazal, 98-81
(La.App. 5th Cir.5/27/98), 717 So.2d 658. Finally, as expressed by this court in
Banks v. State Farm Insurance Company, 30,868 (La.App.2d Cir.3/5/98), 708 So.2d
523, 525, the certification of partial judgments for review should not be
granted as a courtesy or accommodation to counsel when judicial administration
interests are impinged.
As to the merits, the majority ignores a long line of supreme court rulings
and other cases which have arisen since the ruling in LeJeune v. Allstate
Insurance Co., 365 So.2d 471 (La.1978). See, Shelby McKenzie, Insurance Law, 44
La.L.Rev. 365, 368 (1983) and Edwards v. Horstman, 96-1403 (La.2/25/97), 687
So.2d 1007. Those cases have interpreted the exclusion in general comprehensive
liability policies for "bodily injury arising out of the ownership,
operation, or use, loading or unloading, of land motor vehicles." LeJeune,
365 So.2d at 478. Significantly, the supreme court in LeJeune did not find the
term "use" to be ambiguous. Use means use like loading means loading.
The focus of the court centered more upon the phrase "arising out of."
The possibility to construe that phrase broadly or narrowly [FN1] presented the
court with a type of ambiguity which, under the general rule of strict
construction for insurance policy exclusions, mandated that the more narrow
construction in favor of coverage should apply. Justice Tate concluded that
despite the accident's occurrence during the time of the "use" of the
vehicle, "[t]he damage to the injured victim arose out of the deputy's
breach of his law enforcement duties, not from the deputy's use of his
automobile." Id. at 479.
Using the same rationale, although LeJeune was not cited, the court of appeal
in Young v. E. & L. Lumber Co., Inc., 392 So.2d 136 (La.App. 1st Cir.1980)
reversed a summary judgment involving supervision of a truck loading accident.
Although the court found the existence of a genuine issue of material fact, the
court articulated the analysis of the "loading" exclusion clause as
follows:
"Here, we do not think the time of the accident is dispositive. The
phrase 'arising out of' as used in the policy exclusion, would not be given a
temporal connotation as it is the cause of the accident that is
determinative."
Id. p. 138.
Under the presented facts, which upon a trial of the merits could yet be
weighed differently depending upon a fact finder's consideration of the facts,
Moore was not in the trailer loading his horse at the time of the accident.
Therefore, he may only be liable because of his ownership and custody of the
young horse. La. C.C. art. 2321. The specific duty allegedly breached by the
insured exists independently of the motor vehicle and the loading of a trailer.
I respectfully dissent.
FN1. A broad interpretation would construe the phrase from a temporal
standpoint so that any time the vehicle is in use a liability incident would
arise out of use and be excluded from coverage. A narrow interpretation would
view the phrase from the consideration of causation requiring that that
damages be directly caused by the use of the vehicle.
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